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Data and Information

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Computer - Data and Information Data   can be defined as a representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner, which should be suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by human or electronic machine. Data is represented with the help of characters such as alphabets (A-Z, a-z), digits (0-9) or special characters (+,-,/,*,<,>,= etc.) What is Information? Information   is organized or classified data, which has some meaningful values for the receiver. Information is the processed data on which decisions and actions are based. For the decision to be meaningful, the processed data must qualify for the following characteristics − ·          Timely   − Information should be available when required. ·          Accuracy   − Information should be accurate. ·          Completeness   − Informa...
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Number conversion

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Computer - Number Conversion There are many methods or techniques which can be used to convert numbers from one base to another. In this chapter, we'll demonstrate the following − Decimal to Other Base System Other Base System to Decimal Other Base System to Non-Decimal Shortcut method - Binary to Octal Shortcut method - Octal to Binary Shortcut method - Binary to Hexadecimal Shortcut method - Hexadecimal to Binary Decimal to Other Base System Step 1   − Divide the decimal number to be converted by the value of the new base. Step 2   − Get the remainder from Step 1 as the rightmost digit (least significant digit) of the new base number. Step 3   − Divide the quotient of the previous divide by the new base. Step 4   − Record the remainder from Step 3 as the next digit (to the left) of the new base number. Repeat Steps 3 and 4, getting remainders from right to left, until the quotient becomes zero in Step 3. The last remainder thus obtained w...
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Number system

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Computer - Number System When we type some letters or words, the computer translates them in numbers as computers can understand only numbers. A computer can understand the positional number system where there are only a few symbols called digits and these symbols represent different values depending on the position they occupy in the number. The value of each digit in a number can be determined using − ·          The digit ·          The position of the digit in the number ·          The base of the number system (where the base is defined as the total number of digits available in the number system) Decimal Number System The number system that we use in our day-to-day life is the decimal number system. Decimal number system has base 10 as it uses 10 digits from 0 to 9. In decimal number system, the successive positions to the left of the decimal point...
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